{"id":4400,"date":"2022-05-16T15:24:26","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T18:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/?p=4400"},"modified":"2023-01-13T08:57:01","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T11:57:01","slug":"exportacao-do-cafe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/exportacao-do-cafe\/","title":{"rendered":"Importance of ports and railroads for coffee exports"},"content":{"rendered":"

When thinking about Brazilian agricultural production, it is impossible not to think about coffee plantations. Even though it is not a native plant in Brazil, the climate in some regions of the country is favorable for its cultivation, and even during the Empire of Brazil, coffee export became the main economic activity in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In fact, in the 17th century, coffee was already grown in Brazil, but this was done on a small scale and was intended for domestic consumption. It was only in the following century that grain came to be seen as a solution to the economic crisis caused by the end of the gold cycle. One of the main factors that boosted coffee exports was the fact that the United States stopped buying beans from its former metropolis, England. Therefore, as they are large consumers, a great market opportunity has arisen for Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this way, the country began to invest more and more in the planting of coffee in Southeast lands, aiming at its exportation. 150 years later, coffee production and export is still very important for Brazil. Therefore, we have prepared an article to explain the role of rail and waterway modes<\/a> in this activity, check it out: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coffee exports in numbers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"exporta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

From the mid-nineteenth century to the present day, Brazil occupies the position of the largest producer of grain in the world, accounting for about a third of all world production. That said, before exploring the logistical aspect of exporting coffee, let's understand the numbers related to this activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the National Coffee Council, the total national production of coffee was 63.08 million bags of 60 kg in 2020. Most of the planting was carried out by small companies and family farmers spread across the country. The Southeast region still concentrates most of the grain plantations, mainly in Minas Gerais and Esp\u00edrito Santo. Minas Gerais<\/a> e no Esp\u00edrito Santo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Of the total production value, around 18.5 million bags were destined for domestic consumption, while 44.6 million were used for export. The main international buyer was the United States, with 8.1 million homes, constituting 18.3%. Germany was in second place, with 7.6 million (17.1%). The third largest buyer was Belgium, importing 3.7 million bags (8.4%) from Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logistics problems affecting coffee exports<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"import\u00e2ncia<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Coffee cultivation can face several obstacles, such as climate change, droughts, negative biennials and certain pests, such as Coffee Rust, for example. In addition, most of the problems related to coffee exports are linked to logistics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The pandemic of the new coronavirus was one of the main factors that harmed several economic activities: the export of coffee was no exception. For example, the price of fuel has increased considerably during the pandemic, which makes freight costs very expensive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even before the pandemic, transport infrastructure in Brazil<\/a> was no longer exemplary. A history of investments destined exclusively for the road modal overloaded the use of roads. The lack of maintenance in many parts of the Brazilian territory also greatly affects logistics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A possible solution would be to bet on flexibility and combine the use of different modes, such as rail and waterway. In the case of coffee, transport by trucks is not always ideal <\/a>, as the volume capacity is lower compared to train and boat wagons, for example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We will see, below, how these two types of transport can be advantageous in the export of coffee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Importance of ports<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"portos<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ports are fundamental in the export of coffee, after all, most of the production of the grain uses maritime transport to reach its international destinations. This is because ships and vessels are capable of carrying large amounts of products over long distances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Brazil, coffee exports are concentrated in a few places. The main port is Santos (SP). In 2020, the Santos pier was responsible for exporting about 31.6 million bags, which totals a little more than 79% of the entire amount sent abroad. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In second place are the ports located in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Therefore, the Port of Rio de Janeiro, located in Guanabara Bay, and the Port of Itagua\u00ed (RJ) together exported around 5 million bags in the period, constituting 12.7% of the country's total shipments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Importance of railroads<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"trem<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

We already know that Brazilian ports are essential for exporting coffee. However, the grain producing areas are not always located close to the coast, so one of the logistical challenges<\/a> involved in this activity is precisely transporting the grains to the port areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That said, the use of railroads and freight cars to transport coffee beans is a more efficient strategy than relying solely on the road sector. After all, trains are capable of carrying large volumes of products in a few trips. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, rail travel is less prone to accidents related to human error and also avoids traffic problems and congestion, making the route more predictable and enabling more accurate logistical planning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

It was possible to notice that the rail modal and the ports are fundamental elements in the exportation of coffee, as well as of great part of the agricultural products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, investments in the expansion and modernization of the Brazilian rail network and in important ports are increasingly necessary. Only in this way will it be possible to explore the country's true economic potential.
Did you like our content? If so, follow us on Instagram<\/a> that we let you know when we post more.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Quando se pensa na produ\u00e7\u00e3o agr\u00edcola brasileira, \u00e9 imposs\u00edvel n\u00e3o pensar no plantio de caf\u00e9. Mesmo n\u00e3o sendo uma planta nativa do Brasil, o clima de algumas regi\u00f5es do pa\u00eds \u00e9 favor\u00e1vel para o seu cultivo, sendo que, ainda durante o Brasil Imp\u00e9rio, a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9 tornou-se a principal atividade econ\u00f4mica do pa\u00eds. Na verdade, no s\u00e9culo XVII, j\u00e1 se cultivava o caf\u00e9 no Brasil, por\u00e9m isso era feito em pequena escala e era destinado ao consumo interno. Foi somente no s\u00e9culo seguinte que o gr\u00e3o passou a ser visto como uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o para a crise econ\u00f4mica provocada pelo fim do ciclo do ouro. Um dos principais fatores que impulsionaram a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9 foi o fato dos Estados Unidos terem parado de comprar o gr\u00e3o da sua ex-metr\u00f3pole, a Inglaterra. Portanto, por serem grandes consumidores, uma \u00f3tima oportunidade de mercado surgiu para o Brasil. Desse modo, o pa\u00eds passou a investir cada vez mais no plantio do caf\u00e9 em terras do Sudeste visando a sua exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. 150 anos depois, a produ\u00e7\u00e3o e exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9 ainda \u00e9 muito importante para o Brasil. Portanto, preparamos um artigo para explicar sobre o papel dos modais ferrovi\u00e1rio e hidrovi\u00e1rio nessa atividade, confira:  Exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9 em n\u00fameros Desde a metade do s\u00e9culo XIX at\u00e9 os dias de hoje, o Brasil ocupa a posi\u00e7\u00e3o de maior produtor do gr\u00e3o do mundo, sendo respons\u00e1vel por cerca de um ter\u00e7o de toda a produ\u00e7\u00e3o mundial. Dito isso, antes de explorar o aspecto log\u00edstico da exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9, vamos entender os n\u00fameros relacionados a essa atividade. Segundo o Conselho Nacional do Caf\u00e9, a produ\u00e7\u00e3o nacional total de caf\u00e9 foi de 63,08 milh\u00f5es de sacas de 60 kg em 2020. A maioria do plantio foi realizada por pequenas empresas e agricultores familiares espalhados pelo pa\u00eds. A regi\u00e3o Sudeste ainda concentra a maioria das planta\u00e7\u00f5es do gr\u00e3o, principalmente, em Minas Gerais e no Esp\u00edrito Santo. Do valor total de produ\u00e7\u00e3o, cerca de 18,5 milh\u00f5es de sacas foram destinados ao consumo interno, enquanto 44,6 milh\u00f5es foram utilizados para exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. O principal comprador internacional foi os Estados Unidos, com 8,1 milh\u00f5es de casas, constituindo 18,3%. J\u00e1 a Alemanha ficou em segundo lugar, com 7,6 milh\u00f5es (17,1%). O terceiro maior comprador foi a B\u00e9lgica, importando 3,7 milh\u00f5es de sacas (8,4%) do Brasil. Problemas de log\u00edstica que afetam a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9 O cultivo de caf\u00e9 pode encontrar diversos obst\u00e1culos, como mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas, estiagens, a bienalidade negativa e certas pragas, como a Ferrugem do Cafeeiro, por exemplo. Al\u00e9m disso, boa parte dos problemas relacionados \u00e0 exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9 est\u00e3o ligados \u00e0 log\u00edstica. A pandemia do novo coronav\u00edrus foi um dos principais fatores que prejudicaram v\u00e1rias atividades econ\u00f4micas: a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9 n\u00e3o foi exce\u00e7\u00e3o. Por exemplo, o pre\u00e7o do combust\u00edvel aumentou consideravelmente durante a pandemia, o que encarece muito os gastos com os servi\u00e7os de frete. Mesmo antes da pandemia, a infraestrutura de transportes no Brasil j\u00e1 n\u00e3o era exemplar. Um hist\u00f3rico de investimentos destinados exclusivamente ao modal rodovi\u00e1rio sobrecarregou o uso de estradas. A falta de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o em muitos trechos ao longo do territ\u00f3rio brasileiro tamb\u00e9m prejudica muito a log\u00edstica. Uma poss\u00edvel solu\u00e7\u00e3o seria apostar na flexibilidade e combinar o uso de modais diferentes, como o ferrovi\u00e1rio e o hidrovi\u00e1rio. No caso do caf\u00e9, o transporte atrav\u00e9s de caminh\u00f5es nem sempre \u00e9 o ideal, pois a capacidade de volume \u00e9 menor em compara\u00e7\u00e3o a vag\u00f5es de trens e embarca\u00e7\u00f5es, por exemplo. Veremos, a seguir, como esses dois tipos de transportes podem ser vantajosos na exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9. Import\u00e2ncia dos portos Os portos s\u00e3o fundamentais na exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9, afinal, a maioria da produ\u00e7\u00e3o do gr\u00e3o utiliza o transporte mar\u00edtimo para chegar nos seus destinos internacionais. Isso acontece, pois navios e embarca\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o capazes de carregar grandes quantidades de produtos por longas dist\u00e2ncias. No Brasil, a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o cafeeira se concentra em poucos locais. O porto principal \u00e9 o de Santos (SP). Em 2020, o cais santista foi respons\u00e1vel por exportar cerca de 31,6 milh\u00f5es de sacas, o que totaliza um pouco mais de 79% de toda a quantia enviada para o exterior.  Em segundo lugar, est\u00e3o os portos situados no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Portanto, o Porto do Rio de Janeiro, localizado na ba\u00eda de Guanabara, e o Porto de Itagua\u00ed (RJ) exportaram juntos por volta de 5 milh\u00f5es de sacas no per\u00edodo, constituindo 12,7% dos embarques totais do pa\u00eds. Import\u00e2ncia das ferrovias J\u00e1 sabemos que os portos brasileiros s\u00e3o fundamentais na exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9. No entanto, as zonas produtoras do gr\u00e3o nem sempre ficam localizadas pr\u00f3ximas ao litoral, por isso, um dos desafios log\u00edsticos envolvidos nessa atividade \u00e9 justamente transportar os gr\u00e3os at\u00e9 \u00e0s zonas portu\u00e1rias. Dito isso, o uso de ferrovias e vag\u00f5es de carga para realizar o escoamento de gr\u00e3os de caf\u00e9 \u00e9 uma estrat\u00e9gia mais eficiente do que depender somente do setor rodovi\u00e1rio. Afinal, trens s\u00e3o capazes de carregar grandes volumes de produtos em poucas viagens.  Al\u00e9m disso, viagens por ferrovias est\u00e3o menos sujeitas a acidentes relacionados a erros humanos e tamb\u00e9m evitam problemas de tr\u00e2nsito e congestionamentos, tornando a rota mais previs\u00edvel e possibilitando um planejamento log\u00edstico mais exato. Conclus\u00e3o Foi poss\u00edvel notar que o modal ferrovi\u00e1rio e os portos s\u00e3o elementos fundamentais na exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9, assim como de grande parte dos produtos agr\u00edcolas. Por isso, se mostram cada vez mais necess\u00e1rios os investimentos na amplia\u00e7\u00e3o e moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o da malha ferrovi\u00e1ria brasileira e em portos importantes. Somente assim ser\u00e1 poss\u00edvel explorar o verdadeiro potencial econ\u00f4mico do pa\u00eds.Gostou desse conte\u00fado? Nos siga no Instagram que avisamos quando publicamos mais.","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4445,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-logistica"],"yoast_head":"\nImport\u00e2ncia dos portos e das ferrovias para a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9 - Massa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As ferrovias s\u00e3o grandes facilitadoras na exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9, o transporte para os portos pode ser feito em quantidades maiores pelos trens.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/exportacao-do-cafe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Import\u00e2ncia dos portos e das ferrovias para a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o do caf\u00e9 - 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