{"id":4154,"date":"2022-03-09T08:39:40","date_gmt":"2022-03-09T11:39:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/?p=4154"},"modified":"2023-01-13T08:58:58","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T11:58:58","slug":"ferrovias-mexicanas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/ferrovias-mexicanas\/","title":{"rendered":"Mexican Railroads: Discover its history and expansion projects"},"content":{"rendered":"

In 2019, Mexico was the 10th most exported country in the world, generating revenue of approximately $338 billion. Even though, as in Brazil, the most used mode of transport<\/a> is road, the Mexican railroads play a very important role in the country's internal and external trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main type of product transported by Mexican railroads is automobile parts. This category, which includes cars, motorcycles, tractors and industry accessories, earned $72.6 billion in 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Next are electronic devices, such as microphones, monitors, televisions, computer parts. In 2019, export revenue from this type of item surpassed the $70 billion mark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fossil fuels, such as oil and coal, also play a central role in the Mexican economy, earning around US$22 billion through exports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Now that we know some of the main products that occupy freight trains in Mexico, let's learn a little about rail transport in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Emergence of the Mexican railroads<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Emergence<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Entrepreneur Antonio Escand\u00f3n was one of the first Mexicans who saw great economic potential in the construction of railroads in the country. In 1857, he proposed to finance a line that would connect Mexico City to Vera Cruz, a port city located on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. However, due to a period of political instability, the works did not progress.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was not until 1864, during Maximilian's empire, that construction was resumed. The inauguration took place in 1873, being called Ferrocarril Imperial Mexicano (Imperial Mexican Railroad).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The following decades, more specifically during the mandates of Presidents Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez and Porfirio D\u00edaz, were marked by major government incentives aimed at expanding the rail network. Through subsidies and concessions to private companies, the railroads grew considerably: in 1910, Mexico already had about 24,720 km of tracks in its territory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is important to remember that most of the country's first railroad lines were foreign-owned. Therefore, in 1900, the Secretariat of Finance and Public Credit created the first General Law on Railroad, which limited concessions only to projects that could benefit the country's economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, the state-owned railroad company Ferrocarriles Nacionales de M\u00e9xico (National Railroads of Mexico) was created in 1903, during the government of Porf\u00edrio D\u00edaz, with the aim of directing the use of the routes to serve public interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Active Mexican Railroads<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Active<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In 1995, through an attempt to revitalize the Mexican railroads, the country's government opted to privatize the National Railroads of Mexico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kansas City Southern Mexico (KCSM) purchased the northeast part of the network, which connects various points of interest in the country, totaling 3,638 km in length. Among the main linked sites are Mexico City, Monterrey, the port city of L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas, and Novo Laredo, which borders the Texan state. This company is exclusively dedicated to the transport of cargo<\/a>, more specifically, the export of parts for land vehicles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since 1998, Grupo M\u00e9xico and Union Pacific Railroad will jointly compare themselves with the northwest of the Mexican National Railroad network. This is how Ferromex was founded, responsible for managing around 9,610 km of tracks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, the southern segment of the network was in charge of Ferrosur, totaling 2,654 km of lines, including the one that connects Mexico City to the Gulf of Mexico in Vera Cruz.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interconnection with the USA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Interconnection<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In 2019, about 77.8% of all product exports from Mexico went to the United States<\/a>, totaling about $286.2 billion in revenue. This index is only possible through the connections between the Mexican and North American railroads, so let's get to know a little about the ports of entry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The companies from Mexico that make these connections are Ferromex and Kansas City Southern de Mexico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The gateways used by Ferromex trains are located in: Calexico, California; El Paso and Eagle Pass, Texas; and Nogales in Arizona.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of Kansas City Southern de Mexico, the lines lead to the North American territory through the Texan cities, Laredo and Brownsville.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Investments and modernization<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Investments<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

As was said at the beginning of this article, rail is not the most popular means of transport in mexico. For example, according to a study carried out by Bloomberg, freight transportation by trucks totaled 82.5%, while transportation by trains was 16.7% in 2015. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the disparity between these two modes has gradually diminished over the years. Depending on the type of cargo, road transport may not be the most profitable logistics<\/a> solution, so new investments are being planned to improve Mexican railroads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The current president of Mexico, Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador, plans to build around 2,000 km of new tracks in the country. One of the projects initiated during his tenure is the construction of a line between Toluca and Mexico City. In this case, investments total up to US$4.5 billion, with opening scheduled for 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are also other government projects that aim to modernize and expand passenger rail transport, they are: the bullet train from Mexico City to Quer\u00e9taro, the Interurban Train from Le\u00f3n to Celaya, the Suburban Railroad from Lecher\u00eda to Felipe \u00c1ngeles International Airport and the Suburban Train from Garc\u00eda to Monterrey Airport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another event that promises to boost the rail modal in Mexico is the purchase by the Canadian Pacific Railroad of KSC Southern, the company that operates the activities of Kansas City Southern de Mexico. The deal involved a $25 billion transaction and plans to create a railroad that will cross Canada, the US and Mexico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to Canadian Pacific Railroad Chief Executive Keith Creel, the project will bring benefits to employees, customers, the communities involved and shareholders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The secret to a profitable trade is to plan logistics processes well and thus reduce costs<\/a>. Therefore, cargo transport is a fundamental part of most economic activities of a company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the case of Mexico, the road modal is still the protagonist in the flow of products. Therefore, the solution may be to reduce dependence on the road system and balance demand with other modes, such as rail, for example. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Searchs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/wits.worldbank.org\/visualization\/country-analysis-visualization.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/trade.nosis.com\/es\/Comex\/Importacion-Exportacion\/Mexico\/Todas-las-posiciones-arancelarias\/MX\/00<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.construcaolatinoamericana.com\/news\/governo-mexicano-quer-entregar-2-mil-km-de-ferrovias\/3147193.article<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/oglobo.globo.com\/economia\/rede-ferroviaria-vai-conectar-eua-mexico-canada-veja-como-sera-projeto-24934921<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Em 2019, o M\u00e9xico foi o 10\u00ba pa\u00eds do mundo que mais exportou produtos, rendendo uma receita de aproximadamente US $338 bilh\u00f5es. Mesmo que, assim como no Brasil, o modal de transporte mais utilizado seja o rodovi\u00e1rio, as ferrovias mexicanas exercem um papel muito importante no com\u00e9rcio interno e externo do pa\u00eds. O principal tipo de produto transportado pelas ferrovias mexicanas s\u00e3o as pe\u00e7as automobil\u00edsticas. Essa categoria, que inclui carros, motocicletas, tratores e acess\u00f3rios do ramo, rendeu US $72,6 bilh\u00f5es em 2019. Logo em seguida est\u00e3o os aparelhos eletr\u00f4nicos, como microfones, monitores, televis\u00f5es, pe\u00e7as de computadores. Em 2019, a receita de exporta\u00e7\u00e3o desse tipo de item superou a marca de US $70 bilh\u00f5es. Os combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis, como o petr\u00f3leo e o carv\u00e3o mineral, tamb\u00e9m possuem um papel central na economia mexicana, rendendo cerca de US $22 bilh\u00f5es atrav\u00e9s da exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. Agora que conhecemos alguns dos principais produtos que ocupam os trens de carga no M\u00e9xico, vamos aprender um pouco sobre o transporte ferrovi\u00e1rio do pa\u00eds. Surgimento das ferrovias mexicanas O empres\u00e1rio Antonio Escand\u00f3n foi um dos primeiros mexicanos que viu um grande potencial econ\u00f4mico na constru\u00e7\u00e3o de ferrovias no pa\u00eds. Em 1857, ele se prop\u00f4s a financiar uma linha que ligaria a Cidade do M\u00e9xico \u00e0 Vera Cruz, uma cidade portu\u00e1ria localizada na costa do Golfo do M\u00e9xico. Por\u00e9m, devido a um per\u00edodo de instabilidade pol\u00edtica, as obras n\u00e3o progrediram. Somente em 1864, durante o imp\u00e9rio de Maximiliano que a constru\u00e7\u00e3o foi retomada. A inaugura\u00e7\u00e3o ocorreu em 1873, sendo intitulada de Ferrocarril Imperial Mexicano (Ferrovia Imperial Mexicana). As d\u00e9cadas seguintes, mais especificamente durante os mandatos dos presidentes Manuel Gonz\u00e1lez e Porfirio D\u00edaz, foram marcadas por grandes incentivos governamentais visando a expans\u00e3o da malha ferrovi\u00e1ria. Atrav\u00e9s de subs\u00eddios e concess\u00f5es a empresas privadas, as ferrovias cresceram consideravelmente: em 1910, o M\u00e9xico j\u00e1 possu\u00eda cerca de 24.720 km de trilhos no seu territ\u00f3rio. \u00c9 importante lembrar que a maioria das primeiras linhas f\u00e9rreas do pa\u00eds eram de propriet\u00e1rios estrangeiros. Por isso, em 1900, a Secretaria da Fazenda e Cr\u00e9dito P\u00fablico criou a primeira Lei Geral das Ferrovias, que limitava as concess\u00f5es apenas a projetos que poderiam beneficiar a economia do pa\u00eds. Al\u00e9m disso, a companhia ferrovi\u00e1ria estatal Ferrocarriles Nacionales de M\u00e9xico (Ferrovias Nacionais do M\u00e9xico) foi criada em 1903, durante o governo de Porf\u00edrio D\u00edaz, com o objetivo de direcionar o uso das rotas para atender interesses p\u00fablicos. Ferrovias mexicanas ativas Em 1995, atrav\u00e9s de uma tentativa de revitalizar as ferrovias mexicanas, o governo do pa\u00eds optou por privatizar as Ferrovias Nacionais do M\u00e9xico. A companhia Kansas City Southern de M\u00e9xico (KCSM) comprou a parte nordeste da malha, que conecta v\u00e1rios pontos de interesse no pa\u00eds, totalizando 3.638 km de extens\u00e3o. Entre os principais locais ligados est\u00e3o a Cidade do M\u00e9xico, Monterrey, a cidade portu\u00e1ria de L\u00e1zaro C\u00e1rdenas e Novo Laredo, que fica na fronteira com o estado texano. Essa companhia se dedica exclusivamente ao transporte de carga, mais especificamente, \u00e0 exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de pe\u00e7as de ve\u00edculos terrestres. Em 1998, o Grupo M\u00e9xico e a Union Pacific Railroad compraram conjuntamente o noroeste da malha das Ferrovias Nacionais do M\u00e9xico. Assim foi fundada a Ferromex, respons\u00e1vel por administrar cerca de 9.610 km de trilhos. Por fim, o segmento sul da malha ficou a cargo da Ferrosur, totalizando 2.654 km de linhas, incluindo a que liga a Cidade do M\u00e9xico ao Golfo do M\u00e9xico em Vera Cruz.\u00a0 Interliga\u00e7\u00e3o com os EUA Em 2019, cerca de 77,8% de toda a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de produtos do M\u00e9xico foi destinada aos Estados Unidos, totalizando cerca de US $286,2 bilh\u00f5es de receita. Este \u00edndice s\u00f3 \u00e9 poss\u00edvel atrav\u00e9s das conex\u00f5es entre as ferrovias mexicanas e as norte-americanas, portanto, vamos conhecer um pouco sobre as portas de entrada. As companhias do M\u00e9xico que fazem estas liga\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o a Ferromex e a Kansas City Southern de M\u00e9xico. As portas de entrada utilizadas pelos trens da Ferromex est\u00e3o localizadas em: Calexico, na Calif\u00f3rnia; El Paso e Eagle Pass, no Texas; e Nogales no Arizona. J\u00e1 no caso da Kansas City Southern de M\u00e9xico, as linhas levam at\u00e9 o territ\u00f3rio norte-americano por meio das cidades texanas, Laredo e Brownsville. Investimentos e moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o Como foi dito no in\u00edcio deste artigo, o modal ferrovi\u00e1rio n\u00e3o \u00e9 o meio de transporte mais popular no m\u00e9xico. Por exemplo, de acordo com um estudo realizado pela Bloomberg, o transporte de cargas por caminh\u00f5es totalizava 82,5%, enquanto o transporte por trens era de 16,7% em 2015.  No entanto, a disparidade entre estes dois modais tem diminu\u00eddo gradativamente com o passar dos anos. Dependendo do tipo de carga, o transporte rodovi\u00e1rio pode n\u00e3o ser a solu\u00e7\u00e3o log\u00edstica mais lucrativa, por isso, novos investimentos est\u00e3o sendo planejados para aprimorar as ferrovias mexicanas. O atual presidente do M\u00e9xico, Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador, planeja construir por volta de 2 mil km de novos trilhos no pa\u00eds. Um dos projetos iniciados no seu mandato \u00e9 a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de uma linha entre Toluca e a Cidade do M\u00e9xico. Neste caso, os investimentos somam at\u00e9 US $4,5 bilh\u00f5es, sendo que a inaugura\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 prevista para 2023. Tamb\u00e9m existem outros projetos governamentais que visam a modernizar e expandir o transporte ferrovi\u00e1rio de passageiros, s\u00e3o eles: o trem-bala da Cidade do M\u00e9xico at\u00e9 Quer\u00e9taro, o Trem Interurbano de Le\u00f3n \u00e0 Celaya, a Ferrovia Suburbana de Lecher\u00eda ao Aeroporto Internacional Felipe \u00c1ngeles e o Trem Suburbano de Garc\u00eda ao Aeroporto de Monterrey. Outro acontecimento que promete impulsionar o modal ferrovi\u00e1rio no M\u00e9xico \u00e9 a compra pela Canadian Pacific Railway da KSC Southern, empresa que opera as atividades da Kansas City Southern de M\u00e9xico. O acordo envolveu a transa\u00e7\u00e3o de US $25 bilh\u00f5es e planeja a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de uma ferrovia que atravessar\u00e1 o Canad\u00e1, os EUA e o M\u00e9xico. De acordo com o presidente-executivo da Canadian Pacific Railway, Keith Creel, o projeto ir\u00e1 trazer benef\u00edcios para os funcion\u00e1rios, os clientes, as comunidades envolvidas e os acionistas. Conclus\u00e3o O segredo para um com\u00e9rcio lucrativo \u00e9 planejar bem os processos log\u00edsticos e, assim, reduzir os custos. Por isso, o transporte de cargas […]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4176,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4154","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ferrovias"],"yoast_head":"\nFerrovias mexicanas: Conhe\u00e7a sua hist\u00f3ria e seus projetos de expans\u00e3o - MASSA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Descubra curiosidades e os novos projetos das Ferrovias mexicanas! 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