{"id":3598,"date":"2021-09-17T10:06:49","date_gmt":"2021-09-17T13:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/?p=3598"},"modified":"2023-01-13T08:59:26","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T11:59:26","slug":"manobras-ferroviarias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/manobras-ferroviarias\/","title":{"rendered":"Railroad maneuvers: find out what they are and how they are done"},"content":{"rendered":"

Railroad maneuvers: find out what they are and how they are done travel throughout the Brazilian network.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to the strategic locations, the maneuvering yards must comply with competences in the scope of planning, as each type of yard is designed for a transport demand, in addition to safety, as they are the work area of operators, maneuvers and maintenance workers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Therefore, in this article we will talk about how railroad maneuvers are carried out, planning to carry out a maneuver, what are maneuvering yards and the necessary safety measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How are railroad maneuvers performed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"manobras<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Maneuvers are like the steps that precede the departure of a freight train. It is by them that the order of the wagons is defined, along with loading and maintenance. Therefore, what defines a maneuver is the displacement of a train from its original line to another. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

From maneuvers a wagon or block of wagons is handled to the yard. Its parts are disconnected and sorted until a shunting locomotive can physically separate it into different bundles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The bundles, in turn, are short sections that cut a line so that the train can be separated. In this way, the locomotive performs the separation of the block so that it can be regrouped according to transport needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The grouping takes place sequentially, at a junction point known as a courtyard. There are the sub-yards, which facilitate the classification of some stages that involve rail transport. An example is the progressive patio, which will be deepened ahead, divided into reception, classification and train formation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the end of each maneuvering yard there must be a train in formation, ready to follow its destination, with the complete set and planned according to the decoupling in another yard. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Planning to perform a maneuver <\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Before determining how wagons will be distributed in a yard, a calculation is made based on essential factors such as: transport demand, maneuvers, trains, traffic intensity, machinery and the classification rules of the products that flow from that yard terminal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main objective within a switching yard is to simplify the process of assembling a train. Therefore, the fewer maneuvers necessary for the set to come out assembled and fully loaded, the better. This is due to the calculation made by the railroad companies on the average time taken to perform the maneuvers and stay in the yards. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Remembering that the permanence time of wagons in the yard can be classified into active stay and passive stay. The first concerns the time the wagons are subjected to operations, and the second the time the wagons wait. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The difference between the types of yards lies in the physical separation of the activities of classification and train formation, in which more complex yards have larger teams, more sections and allow loading, maintenance<\/a> and assembly independently. While the simpler yards, less sectioned, have a modeling of the wagons together. This last alternative may require less maneuvers, although it does not assemble and classify wagons simultaneously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For this demand, simulation software was invented, which anticipate the ideal distribution of wagons according to the specifics of the yard in question<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maneuvering Yards<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"p\u00e1tio<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The yards are essential for all types of railroad lines, since stops for cargo supply, separation, grouping of cars and maintenance only happen in the shortest time possible, if done in isolation. A set that has a defect in only one car must dispense with it and continue its journey without the need to wait for maintenance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, there are yards with varying numbers of sections and complexity, which influence the reception and classification time, but which are directly linked to the transport demand of your line. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The most commonly used division is that of combined yards and progressive yards. More common to the Brazilian rail network,<\/a>the combined yards have fewer divisions and their lines operate with the same functions. While the progressive yards are more complex, with more defined sections and subdivisions to serve several trains at the same time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For this second patio model, there is a classification in three areas: reception, classification and formation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The reception is responsible for dividing the locomotive from the cars. In this yard, the maintenance of the brake system, coupling, wheels, axles and other parts that help in moving the front takes place.<\/a> At this moment, the cars are waiting to be sent to the next division.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the classification yard, the destination functions are verified, according to their load and urgency. One of the methods for separating the cars is the flat division, which requires railroad maneuvers by valets and special locomotives for this task. The Hump Yard system, on the other hand, automates this task by dividing the wagons by gravity as they go down a descent ramp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Finally, the formation is the part of a railroad maneuvering yard that groups the wagons with their locomotives, according to the order of the stations where the deliveries will take place. After inspections of all systems and the release of documents that regulate transport, the trains are ready to depart. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Security measures<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"trabalhadores<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Automated wagon division systems are not present in all yards, since most of the Brazilian yards depend on manual service for railroad maneuvers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thus, human work is needed to change the connections between the cars and switch the circulation from one line to another, through the so-called AMVs, the lane change devices. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first safety initiative is the adequacy of employees, through training and protective equipment. Operators must learn everything about the work tools and the parts that influence railroad maneuvers, protection measures and corrective actions in urgent cases, conservation of collective and individual protection equipment (EPC & EPI), understand the signs of the space where they work and actively participate in the workplace safety culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The operator, who is directly responsible for the coupling, disengagement and maneuvering functions, needs to check the condition of the wagons before carrying out interventions, such as: analyzing the number of ideal maneuvers, checking if there are people circulating near the wagons, checking if the manual brakes are activated, maintain the correct distance between wagons and obstructions, do not advance with the composition while unloading into the hopper<\/a>, among several other precautions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Such care also applies to the intervention on the AMV, which requires: checking the existence of foreign bodies between the needles, checking the pressure of the AMV \"Monkey\", checking that the lever movement corresponds to the needle, alternating the direction of the needles with circulation in the same line, among other things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The posture of a professional operator must be safe and attentive to the circulation around him, always complying with the requirements for a train to be uncoupled, with the brakes activated, maneuvers already defined and tracks free of chocks or objects that fall during previous passages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

We can conclude that railroad maneuvers are essential for its mode of transport worldwide, as the most efficient practice to organize the set that makes up the train according to its products and carry out interventions in units, rather than interrupting the operation of the train. train as a whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another benefit that this strategy allows is the simultaneity of trains in operation, being prepared to transport. In addition to the care with which maneuvers are carried out, so as not to compromise logistical and energy efficiency, which make this mode of transport so relevant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Searchs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/transportes.ime.eb.br\/etfc\/monografias\/MON025.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.docsity.com\/pt\/manobra-ferroviaria-em-operacoes-ferroviaria\/5434154\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Locomotiva_manobreira<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/results?search_query=manobra+de+ferrovia<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"As manobras ferrovi\u00e1rias s\u00e3o uma parte do processo que envolve o transporte diariamente. \u00c9 atrav\u00e9s delas que os trens s\u00e3o agrupados, carregados e direcionados para as viagens por toda a malha brasileira. Al\u00e9m das localiza\u00e7\u00f5es estrat\u00e9gicas, os p\u00e1tios de manobra devem cumprir com compet\u00eancias no \u00e2mbito do planejamento, visto que cada tipo de p\u00e1tio \u00e9 projetado para uma demanda de transporte, al\u00e9m da seguran\u00e7a, por serem a \u00e1rea de trabalho de operadores, manobreiros e manutentores. Por isso, neste artigo falaremos sobre como s\u00e3o feitas as manobras ferrovi\u00e1rias, o planejamento para realizar uma manobra, o que s\u00e3o p\u00e1tios de manobras e as medidas de seguran\u00e7a necess\u00e1rias. Como s\u00e3o feitas as manobras ferrovi\u00e1rias As manobras s\u00e3o como as etapas que antecedem a partida de um trem de carga. \u00c9 por elas que a ordem dos vag\u00f5es \u00e9 definida, juntamente com o carregamento e as manuten\u00e7\u00f5es.  Portanto, o que define uma manobra \u00e9 o deslocamento de um trem da sua linha original para outra.  A partir de manobras que um vag\u00e3o ou bloco de vag\u00f5es \u00e9 manuseado at\u00e9 o p\u00e1tio. As suas partes s\u00e3o desconectadas e classificadas at\u00e9 que uma locomotiva de manobras possa realizar a separa\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica, em diferentes feixes. Os feixes, por sua vez, s\u00e3o trechos curtos que seccionam uma linha para que o trem possa ser separado. Desta forma, a locomotiva realiza a separa\u00e7\u00e3o do bloco para que ele seja reagrupado de acordo com as necessidades de transporte. O agrupamento acontece sequencialmente, em um ponto de jun\u00e7\u00e3o conhecido por p\u00e1tio. Existem os subp\u00e1tios, que facilitam a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de algumas etapas que envolvem o transporte ferrovi\u00e1rio. Um exemplo \u00e9 o p\u00e1tio progressivo, que ser\u00e1 aprofundado \u00e0 frente, dividido em recep\u00e7\u00e3o, classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e forma\u00e7\u00e3o do trem. Ao fim de cada p\u00e1tio de manobra deve haver um trem em forma\u00e7\u00e3o, pronto para seguir o seu destino, com o conjunto completo e planejado de acordo com o desacoplamento em outro p\u00e1tio.  Planejamento para realizar uma manobra Antes de determinar como ser\u00e1 feita a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de vag\u00f5es em um p\u00e1tio, \u00e9 feito um c\u00e1lculo baseado em fatores essenciais como: a demanda de transporte, manobras, trens, intensidade de tr\u00e1fego, maquin\u00e1rio e as regras de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o dos produtos que escoam a partir daquele terminal. O objetivo principal dentro de um p\u00e1tio de manobras \u00e9 simplificar o processo de montagem de um trem. Logo, quanto menos manobras se fizerem necess\u00e1rias para que o conjunto saia montado e totalmente carregado, melhor. Isto se deve ao c\u00e1lculo feito pelas empresas ferrovi\u00e1rias sobre o tempo m\u00e9dio gasto para realizar as manobras e perman\u00eancia nos p\u00e1tios.  Lembrando que o tempo de perman\u00eancia dos vag\u00f5es em p\u00e1tio pode ser classificado em perman\u00eancia ativa e perman\u00eancia passiva. A primeira diz respeito ao tempo em que os vag\u00f5es est\u00e3o submetidos a opera\u00e7\u00f5es, e a segunda, ao tempo em que os vag\u00f5es aguardam.  A diferen\u00e7a entre os tipos de p\u00e1tios est\u00e1 na separa\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica das atividades de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e forma\u00e7\u00e3o do trem, no qual p\u00e1tios mais complexos disp\u00f5em de equipes maiores, mais se\u00e7\u00f5es e possibilitam o carregamento, a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e a montagem de maneira independente. Enquanto os p\u00e1tios mais simples, menos seccionados, disp\u00f5em de uma modelagem dos vag\u00f5es em conjunto. Esta \u00faltima alternativa pode demandar menos manobras, apesar de n\u00e3o montar e classificar vag\u00f5es simultaneamente. Para esta demanda foram inventados os softwares de simula\u00e7\u00e3o, que antecipam a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o ideal de vag\u00f5es de acordo com as especificidades do p\u00e1tio em quest\u00e3o P\u00e1tios de manobras ferrovi\u00e1rias Os p\u00e1tios s\u00e3o essenciais a todos os tipos de linhas ferrovi\u00e1rias, j\u00e1 que as paradas para o abastecimento de cargas, a separa\u00e7\u00e3o, o agrupamento de vag\u00f5es e a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00f3 acontecem com o menor tempo poss\u00edvel, se feitos isoladamente. Um conjunto que apresenta defeito em apenas um vag\u00e3o deve dispens\u00e1-lo e seguir viagem sem a necessidade de aguardar pela manuten\u00e7\u00e3o. Sendo assim, existem p\u00e1tios com variados n\u00fameros de se\u00e7\u00f5es e complexidade, que influenciam no tempo de recep\u00e7\u00e3o e classifica\u00e7\u00e3o, mas que est\u00e3o ligados diretamente \u00e0 demanda de transporte de sua linha.  A divis\u00e3o mais usada comumente \u00e9 a de p\u00e1tios combinados e p\u00e1tios progressivos. Mais comuns \u00e0 malha ferrovi\u00e1ria brasileira, os p\u00e1tios combinados disp\u00f5em de menos divis\u00f5es e suas linhas operam com as mesmas fun\u00e7\u00f5es. Enquanto os p\u00e1tios progressivos s\u00e3o mais complexos, com se\u00e7\u00f5es mais definidas e subdivis\u00f5es para atender diversos trens ao mesmo tempo. Para este segundo modelo de p\u00e1tio, existe a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o em tr\u00eas \u00e1reas: recep\u00e7\u00e3o, classifica\u00e7\u00e3o e forma\u00e7\u00e3o.  A recep\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel por dividir a locomotiva dos vag\u00f5es. Neste p\u00e1tio ocorre a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do sistema de freio, engate, rodas, eixos e outras partes que auxiliam na locomo\u00e7\u00e3o da frente. Neste momento, os vag\u00f5es aguardam para serem encaminhados \u00e0 pr\u00f3xima divis\u00e3o. No p\u00e1tio de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o verificadas as fun\u00e7\u00f5es de destino, de acordo com a sua carga e urg\u00eancia. Um dos m\u00e9todos para separar os vag\u00f5es \u00e9 a divis\u00e3o plana, que exige manobras ferrovi\u00e1rias por manobristas e locomotivas especiais para esta tarefa. J\u00e1 o sistema Hump Yard, automatiza essa tarefa com a divis\u00e3o dos vag\u00f5es por gravidade, conforme eles passam por uma rampa de descida. Por fim, a forma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 a parte de um p\u00e1tio de manobras ferrovi\u00e1rias que agrupa os vag\u00f5es com a sua locomotiva, de acordo com a ordem das esta\u00e7\u00f5es onde acontecer\u00e3o as entregas. Ap\u00f3s inspe\u00e7\u00f5es em todos os sistemas e a libera\u00e7\u00e3o de documentos que regulamentam o transporte, os trens est\u00e3o prontos para partir.  Medidas de seguran\u00e7a Os sistemas de divis\u00e3o dos vag\u00f5es automatizados n\u00e3o est\u00e3o presentes em todos os p\u00e1tios, visto que grande parte dos p\u00e1tios brasileiros dependem do servi\u00e7o manual para as manobras ferrovi\u00e1rias.  Assim, o trabalho humano se faz necess\u00e1rio para alterar as conex\u00f5es entre os vag\u00f5es e alternar a circula\u00e7\u00e3o de uma linha para outra, atrav\u00e9s dos chamados AMVs, os aparelhos de mudan\u00e7a de via.  A primeira iniciativa para a seguran\u00e7a \u00e9 a adequa\u00e7\u00e3o dos funcion\u00e1rios, atrav\u00e9s de treinamento e equipamentos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o. Os operadores devem aprender tudo sobre as ferramentas de trabalho e as partes que influenciam as manobras ferrovi\u00e1rias, medidas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o e a\u00e7\u00f5es corretivas em casos urgentes, conserva\u00e7\u00e3o […]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3602,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3598","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ferrovias"],"yoast_head":"\nManobras ferrovi\u00e1rias: descubra quais s\u00e3o e como s\u00e3o feitas - Massa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Leia no nosso artigo mais especificidades sobre as manobras ferrovi\u00e1rias, quais s\u00e3o os tipos mais comuns e como s\u00e3o feitas.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/manobras-ferroviarias\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Manobras ferrovi\u00e1rias: descubra quais s\u00e3o e como s\u00e3o feitas - 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