{"id":2873,"date":"2020-12-03T09:12:45","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T12:12:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/?p=2873"},"modified":"2023-01-13T09:00:16","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T12:00:16","slug":"infraestrutura-de-transportes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/infraestrutura-de-transportes\/","title":{"rendered":"How Brazil's transportation infrastructure is divided"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>There are several types of transport, both for people and goods, separated by categories: land, waterway, air and pipeline. The objective of the following article is the debate around the cargo transport infrastructure, which is essential to carry out regional supplies and also for exports, an essential economic practice for the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brazil is extensive and needs a quality logistics infrastructure. However, since the 20th century, among land transport, the road for the transport of cargo has predominated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/category\/ferrovias\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">railroads<\/a>which appeared in the 19th century, were the precursors of transport modes for the transportation of goods, covering the most productive areas of the country for a long period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, after the creation of automotive vehicles, mainly trucks, there was a significant change in the preference for transport modes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In order to attract foreign companies in the automotive industry, the governments of the 20th century gave preference to the development of highways, and even today this sector is predominant in the transport infrastructure in Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Transportation infrastructure division currently<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"999\" height=\"714\" src=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-1.png\" alt=\"Transportation infrastructure division currently\" class=\"wp-image-2875\" srcset=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-1.png 999w, https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-1-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-1-768x549.png 768w, https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-1-500x357.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 999px) 100vw, 999px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Divided into these categories presented above, Brazil demonstrates a clear preference for construction on highways for the transport infrastructure, as we can see in the extension of the main means of transport in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The highways are more than 1.7 million km long, reaching a territorial reach much higher than that of other modes of transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The railroad, which represent the second most used form of cargo transportation, are around 29,000 km long, a huge difference from the highways.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even if waterway transportation is less used, even it has a longer mileage than that of railroad, about 50 thousand km of mesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Lack of diversification<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"825\" height=\"464\" src=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-2.png\" alt=\"Lack of diversification\" class=\"wp-image-2877\" srcset=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-2.png 825w, https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-2-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-2-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-2-500x281.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 825px) 100vw, 825px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>According to data from the National Transport Confederation (CNT), the diversification of the quantities of cargo carried by transport modes is quite disproportionate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Highways account for about 61% of cargo transported, almost triple that of railroad (20.7%), while the waterway sector covers around 13.6%, totaling more than 95% of cargo handling. The rest is in charge of air and pipeline transport, with very low representation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This lack of diversification of transport infrastructure in Brazil occurs for several reasons, the main one being the lack of investment.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to a survey by the National Confederation of Industry (CNI), the country invested only 2.18% of GDP in transport infrastructure, that is, a percentage that prevents a significant growth in the infrastructure of different national transport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Highways, which are predominant, consequently receive more investments. The preference for highways throughout the 20th century and also in recent years has some reasons, mainly the reach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The road sector is practically the only one capable of covering practically the entire territorial extension of the country, which generates jobs in several regions and provides the supply of inputs for all locations, which does not happen with other modes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, the transport infrastructure of other modes ends up being harmed and the highways continue to dominate the national scenario, which represents a structural problem for Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Highways have this greater reach, but they are also one of the modes that most suffer from the lack of transport infrastructure. According to data from the National Department of Land Transport (DNTT), only 13% of the entire length of the road network is paved, which effectively affects the quality of travel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Railroad also suffer from transport infrastructure problems. Difficulties in maintaining and creating solutions to improve the quality of the railroad have caused many railway lines to be abandoned and scrapped. It is estimated that just over 11,000 km out of a total of 29,000 km of railway line is operating at full capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The structural quality of runways and railroad are fundamental problems, but there are other difficulties that also hinder the improvement of transport infrastructure in Brazil, such as the excessive bureaucracy imposed by the government, which mainly affects the airline industry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A study by the Federation of Industries of Rio de Janeiro shows that the time for cargo to be released to fly is 175 hours, more than a week.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This delay is mainly due to the working hours of the operators, who usually operate only during working hours, an average of 6 hours a day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Issues like this hinder the development of transportation infrastructure in Brazil, leaving the country far behind other world powers. To give you an idea, in the United States cargo is released in up to eight hours, while in China it is in just four hours, leveraging the use of the air sector by these nations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Logistics and product prices<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"321\" src=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-3.png\" alt=\"Logistics and product prices\" class=\"wp-image-2878\" srcset=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-3.png 520w, https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-3-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/image-3-500x309.png 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>This lack of diversification in the use of transport modes directly affects the logistics of transport infrastructure and also the price of products, which is increased by the lack of competitiveness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Road transport, which is the most usual, has its advantages, but it also presents important problems such as the logistical cost due to freight and the delay in trips made by trucks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Road freight is expensive, as tolls, fuel and vehicle maintenance must be considered. As a trip by truck, from one state to another, for example, takes much longer when compared to that by train, the costs are naturally higher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is a matter of logic: with freight and travel costs being higher, product prices become higher, harming all national consumers and also hindering export growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consequently, ways to improve this issue are constantly discussed in order to seek solutions to make other modes of transport more competitive, following national production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading translation-block\"><span id=\"Conclusao_sobre_a_infraestrutura_de_transportes\"><strong>Conclus\u00e3o<\/strong> sobre a infraestrutura de transportes<\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>We can conclude with the article that the competitiveness of the transport sectors is one of the most relevant factors for us to improve the national transport infrastructure. Increasing diversification, generating more transport capacity in railroad, air and water transport, eliminating a little dependence on the road sector is an interesting strategy. For this, the investments made in the infrastructure of these segments need to be bigger and better distributed. Both the government and the private transport logistics companies are beginning to realize that it is necessary to increase the capital injection, because only then will transport be expanded, following the demands of national production.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Searchs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>https:\/\/agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br\/agencia-sala-de-imprensa\/2013-agencia-de-noticias\/releases\/14707-asi-ibge-mapeia-a-infraestrutura-dos-transportes-no-brasil<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/setcesp.org.br\/noticias\/investimento-publico-em-infraestrutura-de-transporte-em-2019-e-o-menor-em-12-anos\/\">https:\/\/setcesp.org.br\/noticias\/investimento-publico-em-infraestrutura-de-transporte-em-2019-e-o-menor-em-12-anos\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jornaldocomercio.com\/_conteudo\/cadernos\/jc_logistica\/2019\/05\/686263-quase-82-das-cargas-circulam-por-caminhoes-no-pais.html\">https:\/\/www.jornaldocomercio.com\/_conteudo\/cadernos\/jc_logistica\/2019\/05\/686263-quase-82-das-cargas-circulam-por-caminhoes-no-pais.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tribunadonorte.com.br\/noticia\/a-matriz-de-transporte-no-brasil-a-desbalanceada-diz-professora\/414652\">http:\/\/www.tribunadonorte.com.br\/noticia\/a-matriz-de-transporte-no-brasil-a-desbalanceada-diz-professora\/414652<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/brasilescola.uol.com.br\/geografia\/por-que-brasil-adotou-utilizacao-das-rodovias-ao-inves-.htm#:~:text=O%20Brasil%20durante%20o%20s%C3%A9culo,a%20quinta%20maior%20%C3%A1rea%20territorial.\">https:\/\/brasilescola.uol.com.br\/geografia\/por-que-brasil-adotou-utilizacao-das-rodovias-ao-inves-.htm#:~:text=O%20Brasil%20durante%20o%20s%C3%A9culo,a%20quinta%20maior%20%C3%A1rea%20territorial.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.todamateria.com.br\/transportes-no-brasil\/\">https:\/\/www.todamateria.com.br\/transportes-no-brasil\/<\/a><br>https:\/\/www.prestex.com.br\/blog\/modais-de-transporte-de-carga-no-brasil-conheca-os-5-principais\/<br>https:\/\/www.truckpad.com.br\/blog\/matriz-de-transporte-no-brasil-quais-sao-e-qual-e-a-mais-importante\/#:~:text=Em%20rela%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20%C3%A0%20participa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%2C%20de,a%20carga%20transportada%20no%20pa%C3%ADs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Existem diversos tipos de transportes, tanto de pessoas como de mercadorias, separados por categorias: terrestre, aquavi\u00e1rio, a\u00e9reo e dutovi\u00e1rio. O objetivo do artigo a seguir \u00e9 o debate em torno da infraestrutura de transportes de cargas, fundamental para realizar abastecimentos regionais e tamb\u00e9m para a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, pr\u00e1tica econ\u00f4mica essencial para o pa\u00eds. O Brasil \u00e9 extenso e necessita de uma infraestrutura log\u00edstica de qualidade. Mas, desde o s\u00e9culo XX, entre os transportes terrestres, predomina o rodovi\u00e1rio para o transporte de cargas. As ferrovias, que surgiram ainda no s\u00e9culo XIX, foram as precursoras dos modais de transporte para escoamento de mercadorias, abrangendo as \u00e1reas mais produtivas do pa\u00eds durante um longo per\u00edodo. Mas, depois da cria\u00e7\u00e3o dos ve\u00edculos automotivos, fundamentalmente os caminh\u00f5es, houve uma troca significativa na prefer\u00eancia dos modais de transporte.&nbsp; Visando atrair empresas estrangeiras do ramo automobil\u00edstico, os governos do s\u00e9culo XX deram prefer\u00eancia para o desenvolvimento das rodovias, e at\u00e9 hoje esse setor \u00e9 predominante na infraestrutura de transportes no Brasil. Divis\u00e3o da infraestrutura de transportes atualmente Dividido nessas categorias apresentadas acima, o Brasil demonstra uma clara prefer\u00eancia de constru\u00e7\u00e3o em rodovias para a infraestrutura de transportes, como podemos perceber na extens\u00e3o dos principais meios de transporte do pa\u00eds. As rodovias possuem mais de 1.7 milh\u00e3o de km de extens\u00e3o, atingindo um alcance territorial muito superior ao dos demais modais de transporte. As ferrovias, que representam o segundo meio de transporte de cargas mais utilizado, possui em torno de 29 mil km de extens\u00e3o, um diferen\u00e7a gigantesca em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0s rodovias. Mesmo que o transporte aquavi\u00e1rio seja menos utilizado, at\u00e9 ele possui uma extens\u00e3o de quilometragem maior que a das ferrovias, cerca de 50 mil km de malha. Falta de diversifica\u00e7\u00e3o De acordo com os dados da Confedera\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Transporte (CNT), a diversifica\u00e7\u00e3o das quantidades de cargas carregadas pelos modais de transporte \u00e9 bem desproporcional. As rodovias representam cerca de 61% das cargas transportadas, quase o triplo das ferrovias (20,7%), enquanto que o setor aquavi\u00e1rio abrange em torno de 13,6%, totalizando mais de 95% da movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o das cargas. O restante fica a cargo dos transportes a\u00e9reos e dutovi\u00e1rios, com representa\u00e7\u00e3o bastante baixa.&nbsp; Essa falta de diversifica\u00e7\u00e3o de infraestrutura de transportes no Brasil se d\u00e1 por v\u00e1rios motivos, sendo o principal a falta de investimento.&nbsp; Segundo um levantamento da Confedera\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional da Ind\u00fastria (CNI), o pa\u00eds investiu apenas 2,18% do PIB em infraestrutura de transportes, ou seja, porcentagem que impede um crescimento expressivo da infraestrutura dos diferentes transportes nacionais. As rodovias, que s\u00e3o predominantes, consequentemente recebem mais investimentos. A prefer\u00eancia pelas rodovias ao longo do s\u00e9culo XX e tamb\u00e9m nos \u00faltimos anos tem alguns motivos, principalmente o alcance. O setor rodovi\u00e1rio \u00e9 praticamente o \u00fanico capaz de abranger praticamente toda a extens\u00e3o territorial do pa\u00eds, o que gera empregos em diversas regi\u00f5es e proporciona o abastecimento de insumos para todas as localidades, o que n\u00e3o acontece com os outros modais. Por isso, a infraestrutura de transportes de outros modais acaba sendo prejudicada e as rodovias seguem dominando o cen\u00e1rio nacional, o que representa um problema estrutural para o Brasil. As rodovias possuem esse maior alcance, mas s\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m um dos modais que mais sofrem com a falta de infraestrutura de transportes. De acordo com dados do Departamento Nacional de Transportes Terrestres (DNTT), apenas 13% de toda a extens\u00e3o da malha rodovi\u00e1ria \u00e9 pavimentada, o que prejudica efetivamente a qualidade das viagens. As ferrovias tamb\u00e9m sofrem com problemas de infraestrutura de transportes. As dificuldades de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o e cria\u00e7\u00e3o de solu\u00e7\u00f5es para melhorar a qualidade das ferrovias fizeram com que muitas linhas ferrovi\u00e1rias fossem abandonadas e sucateadas. Estima-se que apenas um pouco mais de 11 mil km de um total de 29 mil km de linha ferrovi\u00e1ria esteja funcionando em sua total capacidade. A qualidade estrutural de pistas e ferrovias s\u00e3o problemas fundamentais, mas existem outras dificuldades que tamb\u00e9m atrapalham a melhoria da infraestrutura de transportes no Brasil, como a excessiva burocracia imposta pelo governo, que afeta principalmente o setor a\u00e9reo. Um estudo realizado pela Federa\u00e7\u00e3o das Ind\u00fastrias do Rio de Janeiro mostra que o tempo para que as cargas sejam liberadas para voar \u00e9 de 175 horas, mais de uma semana.&nbsp; Essa demora se d\u00e1 principalmente pelo hor\u00e1rio de trabalho dos operadores, que costumam operar apenas durante o expediente, em m\u00e9dia de 6 horas por dia. Quest\u00f5es como essa atrapalham o desenvolvimento da infraestrutura de transportes no Brasil, deixando o pa\u00eds muito atr\u00e1s de outras pot\u00eancias mundiais. Para se ter uma ideia, nos Estados Unidos as cargas s\u00e3o liberadas em at\u00e9 oito horas, enquanto que na China s\u00e3o em apenas quatro horas, potencializando o uso do setor a\u00e9reo por essas na\u00e7\u00f5es.&nbsp; Log\u00edstica e pre\u00e7o dos produtos Essa falta de diversifica\u00e7\u00e3o da utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o dos modais de transporte afeta diretamente a log\u00edstica da infraestrutura de transportes e tamb\u00e9m o pre\u00e7o dos produtos, que se torna mais elevado pela falta de competitividade. O transporte rodovi\u00e1rio, que \u00e9 o mais usual, tem suas vantagens, mas tamb\u00e9m apresenta problemas importantes como o custo log\u00edstico por conta do frete e a demora das viagens realizadas pelos caminh\u00f5es. Os fretes rodovi\u00e1rios s\u00e3o caros, j\u00e1 que devem ser levados em conta os ped\u00e1gios, o combust\u00edvel e a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o dos ve\u00edculos. Como uma viagem de caminh\u00e3o, de um estado para outro, por exemplo, demora muito mais tempo quando comparada com a de trem, os custos naturalmente s\u00e3o mais elevados. \u00c9 uma quest\u00e3o de l\u00f3gica: com os custos de frete e da viagem sendo maiores, os pre\u00e7os dos produtos se tornam maiores, prejudicando todos os consumidores nacionais e tamb\u00e9m dificultando o crescimento da exporta\u00e7\u00e3o. Por consequ\u00eancia, constantemente s\u00e3o discutidas maneiras de melhorar essa quest\u00e3o a fim de buscar solu\u00e7\u00f5es para tornar os outros modais de transporte mais competitivos, acompanhando a produ\u00e7\u00e3o nacional. Conclus\u00e3o sobre a infraestrutura de transportes Podemos concluir com o artigo que a competitividade dos setores de transporte \u00e9 um dos fatores mais relevantes para que melhoremos a infraestrutura de transportes nacional. Aumentar a diversifica\u00e7\u00e3o, gerando mais capacidade de transporte em ferrovias, transportes a\u00e9reos e aquavi\u00e1rios, [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2876,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2873","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-logistica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Como \u00e9 dividida a infraestrutura de transportes do Brasil - MASSA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Entenda como \u00e9 dividida a infraestrutura de transportes do Brasil e qual ser\u00e1 as proje\u00e7\u00f5es futuras sobre o escoamento log\u00edstico brasileiro.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/infraestrutura-de-transportes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Como \u00e9 dividida a infraestrutura de transportes do Brasil - 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