{"id":2824,"date":"2020-11-17T12:11:19","date_gmt":"2020-11-17T15:11:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/?p=2824"},"modified":"2023-01-13T09:00:16","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T12:00:16","slug":"expansao-do-agronegocio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/expansao-do-agronegocio\/","title":{"rendered":"Expansion of agribusiness and the railroad"},"content":{"rendered":"

Encompassing several production sectors, such as agriculture and livestock, agribusiness is one of the country's main economic activities and continues to grow. In 2019, agribusiness GDP rose by 3.8%, reaching the 20% mark of Brazilian GDP. In 2020, the expansion of agribusiness was even greater, about 6.5% until the month of October. Of this number, 68% correspond to agriculture and the other 32% correspond to livestock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In reais, the amounts are quite expressive. About 1.06 trillion reais is the amount corresponding to agriculture, and R $ 494.8 billion corresponds to livestock, numbers stipulated at the end of 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The export of products outside Brazil is the main growth model for the national economy and the expansion of agribusiness makes this activity the largest exporter in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With soybeans as the main exported product, Brazil reached around R $ 26 billion in exports of this input in 2019, with around 70% of this total being sent to China, the country's major economic partner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even with problems related to the Covid-19 pandemic, which directly affect the economy of Brazil, agribusiness is one of the few activities that has strongly resisted in recent months, in which the country faced quarantine and a great drop in jobs and population consumption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the researcher at the Center for Advanced Studies in Applied Economics (CEPEA), Nicole Renn\u00f3, the GDP growth of agribusiness in 2020, even with the problems that affect the country, can be explained by several reasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since sustaining supply and demand, an excellent agricultural harvest in this period and even receiving emergency assistance from the population, allowing people to continue to buy products from agribusiness, these are reasons that can explain the maintenance of the expansion of agribusiness in Brazil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a survey carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture in July 2020, it pointed out that the sector exported around 50% of all products exported in the month, equivalent to R $ 10 billion, in the month.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio e Log\u00edstica de transporte<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Expans\u00e3o<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The numbers related to agribusiness continue to improve more and more, but researchers in the area point out that they could be even greater, if Brazil had a transport logistics that met all the demands of the sector, mainly the railroad modal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In recent years, the numbers of cargo transported in the main transport models, road and rail, have remained unbalanced. Highways represent around 61% of all cargo handled, while railroads only slightly more than 20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is a number that represents well the difficulty of expanding agribusiness, and we will explain why.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the road sector being the main transport model in the country and even agribusiness, the logistical costs are quite high, due to some main factors, such as the price of freight, the speed of travel, the size of the cargo per vehicle transported and the time of the travel delay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The freight price of highways is considerably higher than that of railroads. According to the board of the National Association of Railroad Transporters (ANTF), rail freight is equivalent to 50% of the road.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another determining factor that hinders the flow of cargo from agribusiness, and consequently hinders the expansion of agribusiness, are the long distances from some producing regions to national ports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Midwest region, for example, which has been participating in the expansion of agribusiness, could be better positioned in the rankings of exporters of agro products, but due to the great distances to the main ports in the country, such as the Port of Santos, tied to excessive costs of road transport, this growth is hampered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

How to improve the situation?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"How<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A resposta dessa pergunta est\u00e1 totalmente ligada com o crescimento e o balanceamento dos principais modais de transporte do Brasil.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This imbalance is one of the major factors that hinder the flow of agribusiness products to the main regions of the country and also for export, since the logistics costs of the highways are considerably higher than that of the railroads, making it difficult for agribusiness to expand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this way, the solution presented by experts, frequently debated in government meetings, is that the expansion of agribusiness involves the growth of the railroad transport sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Currently, Brazil has about 29 thousand km of railroad lines, which would be an acceptable value for the current moment in the country. The problem is that, thanks to the policies implemented in the last decades, which prioritized the road sector, a good percentage of this extension was scrapped.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The estimate is that only 10,000 km are in total conditions for the flow of products, not only those related to agribusiness, but also steel, mineral and oil inputs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to a study by the Institute of Engineering in 2020, this was the main conclusion that researchers found to advance the expansion of agribusiness, for some important reasons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Among the main notes of the study, the long distance from the states located higher than the ports in the southeastern region and the difference between the number of loads loaded between a train and a truck are the most relevant reasons for the road modal not being the most suitable for the expansion of agribusiness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To give you an idea, the distance between Cuiab\u00e1, capital of Mato Grosso, an important state for Brazilian agribusiness, and the country's main port, the Port of Santos, is more than 1,600 km. A truck trip between the two cities can take more than 20 hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This expressive delay is mainly due to the conditions of the highways, which are often problematic, with constant curves and congested traffic. The same journey on a railroad reduces the time taken, as there would be no traffic on the road and the route would be more uniform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another important comparison made by the Institute is in relation to the transport capacity of the two modes. A train, with 134 wagons, has the same capacity to transport 500 ore carts. In other words, of course, maintenance, freight and fuel costs are much higher in the road sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These numbers point to a major advantage for the railroad sector and the expansion of agribusiness is linked to the growth of railroad lines. As long as there are no major investments in the restructuring of scrapped railroads and in the creation of new lines to meet this demand, agribusiness and consequently Brazil will continue to suffer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

We can see throughout the article that the expansion of agribusiness is linked to the strengthening of the rail transport sector. The costs spent on the road sector, which predominates in the transportation of agribusiness inputs, are quite high, which hinders the flow of cargo from this financial activity, which is so important for the country's economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FONTES: https:\/\/pordentrodoagro.com.br\/regioes-agricolas-brasil\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.metro1.com.br\/noticias\/brasil\/55597,mais-de-60-das-cargas-brasileiras-sao-transportadas-em-rodovias+<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.cnabrasil.org.br\/cna\/panorama-do-agro#:~:text=Em%202019%2C%20a%20soma%20de,R%24%20494%2C8%20bilh%C3%B5es.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/brasilescola.uol.com.br\/geografia\/agronegocio.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.cepea.esalq.usp.br\/br\/pib-do-agronegocio-brasileiro.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.canalrural.com.br\/programas\/informacao\/mercado-e-cia\/pib-agronegocio-alta-tendencia\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/g1.globo.com\/economia\/agronegocios\/noticia\/2020\/09\/23\/pib-do-agronegocio-do-brasil-cresce-526-no-1o-semestre-diz-cna.ghtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/g1.globo.com\/economia\/agronegocios\/noticia\/2020\/09\/01\/agronegocio-passa-ileso-a-tombo-recorde-do-pib-no-2o-trimestre.ghtml<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.folhadelondrina.com.br\/folha-rural\/estudo-indica-uniao-da-ferrovia-com-o-agronegocio-para-desenvolver-o-pais-3016436e.html<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Englobando diversos setores de produ\u00e7\u00e3o, como a agricultura e a pecu\u00e1ria, o agroneg\u00f3cio \u00e9 uma das principais atividades econ\u00f4micas do pa\u00eds e segue em crescimento.Em 2019, o PIB do agroneg\u00f3cio subiu cerca de 3,8%, atingindo a marca de 20% de todo o PIB brasileiro. J\u00e1 em 2020 a expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio foi ainda maior, cerca de 6,5% at\u00e9 o m\u00eas de outubro. Desse n\u00famero, 68% corresponde \u00e0 agricultura e os outros 32% correspondem \u00e0 pecu\u00e1ria. Em reais, os valores s\u00e3o bastante expressivos. Cerca de 1,06 trilh\u00e3o de reais \u00e9 o valor correspondente \u00e0 agricultura, e R$494,8 bilh\u00f5es correspondem \u00e0 pecu\u00e1ria, n\u00fameros esses estipulados no final de 2019. A exporta\u00e7\u00e3o de produtos para fora do Brasil \u00e9 o principal modelo de crescimento do econ\u00f4mico nacional e a expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio faz com que essa atividade seja a maior exportadora do pa\u00eds. Tendo a soja como principal produto exportado, o Brasil atingiu cerca de R$26 bilh\u00f5es em exporta\u00e7\u00e3o desse insumo no ano de 2019, sendo que cerca de 70% deste total foram enviados para a China, grande parceira econ\u00f4mica do pa\u00eds. Mesmo com problemas relacionados \u00e0 pandemia da Covid-19, que afetam diretamente a economia do Brasil, o agroneg\u00f3cio \u00e9 uma das poucas atividades que resistiu fortemente nos \u00faltimos meses, em que o pa\u00eds enfrentou a quarentena e uma grande queda de empregos e consumo populacional. Segundo a pesquisadora do Centro de Estudos Avan\u00e7ados em Economia Aplicada (CEPEA), Nicole Renn\u00f3, o crescimento do PIB do agroneg\u00f3cio em 2020, mesmo com os problemas que atingem o pa\u00eds, podem ser explicadas por diversas raz\u00f5es. Desde a sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o da oferta e demanda, uma excelente safra agr\u00edcola nesse per\u00edodo e at\u00e9 o recebimento do aux\u00edlio emergencial da popula\u00e7\u00e3o, possibilitando que as pessoas continuasse a comprar produtos vindos do agroneg\u00f3cio, s\u00e3o motivos que podem explicar a manuten\u00e7\u00e3o da expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio no Brasil. Em um levantamento realizado pelo Minist\u00e9rio da Agricultura, em julho de 2020, apontou que o setor exportou no m\u00eas cerca de 50% de todos os produtos exportados do pa\u00eds, equivalente a R$10 bilh\u00f5es. Expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio e Log\u00edstica de transporte Os n\u00fameros relacionados ao agroneg\u00f3cio seguem melhorando cada vez mais, mas pesquisadores da \u00e1rea apontam que poderiam ser ainda maiores, se o Brasil tivesse uma log\u00edstica de transporte que atendesse todas as demandas do setor, principalmente o modal ferrovi\u00e1rio. Nos \u00faltimos anos os n\u00fameros de cargas transportadas nos principais modelos de transporte, rodovia e ferrovia, se mantiveram desbalanceados. As rodovias representam cerca de 61% de todas as cargas movimentadas, enquanto as ferrovias apenas um pouco mais de 20%. Esse \u00e9 um n\u00famero que representa bem a dificuldade da expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio, e explicaremos o porqu\u00ea. Com o setor rodovi\u00e1rio sendo o principal modelo de transporte do pa\u00eds e inclusive do agroneg\u00f3cio, os custos log\u00edsticos s\u00e3o bastante elevados, por alguns fatores principais, como o pre\u00e7o do frete, a velocidade das viagens, o tamanho da carga por ve\u00edculo transportado e o tempo de demora da viagem. O pre\u00e7o do frete das rodovias \u00e9 consideravelmente maior do que o das ferrovias. De acordo com a diretoria da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional dos Transportadores Ferrovi\u00e1rios (ANTF), o frete ferrovi\u00e1rio equivale a 50% do rodovi\u00e1rio. Outro fator determinante que atrapalha o escoamento de cargas do agroneg\u00f3cio, e consequentemente dificulta a expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio, s\u00e3o as longas dist\u00e2ncias de algumas regi\u00f5es produtoras para os portos nacionais. A regi\u00e3o Centro-Oeste, por exemplo, que vem participando da expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio, poderia estar melhor posicionada nos rankings de exportadores de produtos agro, mas por conta das grandes dist\u00e2ncias para os principais portos do pa\u00eds, como o Porto de Santos, atrelados aos custos excessivos do transporte rodovi\u00e1rio, esse crescimento \u00e9 dificultado. Como melhorar a situa\u00e7\u00e3o? A resposta dessa pergunta est\u00e1 totalmente ligada com o crescimento e o balanceamento dos principais modais de transporte do Brasil. Esse desbalanceamento \u00e9 um dos grandes fatores que atrapalham o escoamento de produtos do agroneg\u00f3cio para as principais regi\u00f5es do pa\u00eds e tamb\u00e9m para a exporta\u00e7\u00e3o, visto que os custos de log\u00edstica das rodovias \u00e9 consideravelmente maior do que o das ferrovias, dificultando a expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio. Dessa maneira, a solu\u00e7\u00e3o apresentada por especialistas, frequentemente debatida em encontros governamentais, \u00e9 que a expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio passa pelo crescimento do setor ferrovi\u00e1rio de transporte. Atualmente o Brasil possui cerca de 29 mil km de extens\u00e3o de linhas f\u00e9rreas, o que seria um valor aceit\u00e1vel para o atual momento do pa\u00eds. O problema \u00e9 que, gra\u00e7as \u00e0s pol\u00edticas implementadas nas \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, que priorizaram o setor rodovi\u00e1rio, boa porcentagem dessa extens\u00e3o foi sucateada. A estimativa \u00e9 de que apenas 10 mil km estejam em condi\u00e7\u00f5es totais para o escoamento dos produtos, n\u00e3o s\u00f3 apenas dos relacionados ao agroneg\u00f3cio, mas tamb\u00e9m de insumos sider\u00fargicos, minerais e petrol\u00edferos. De acordo com um estudo realizado pelo Instituto de Engenharia em 2020, essa foi a principal conclus\u00e3o que os pesquisadores encontraram para o avan\u00e7o da expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio, por algumas raz\u00f5es importantes. Entre os principais apontamentos do estudo, a longa dist\u00e2ncia dos estados localizados mais acima dos portos da regi\u00e3o sudeste e a diferen\u00e7a entre a quantidade de cargas carregadas entre um trem e um caminh\u00e3o s\u00e3o motivos mais relevantes para que o modal rodovi\u00e1rio n\u00e3o seja o mais indicado para a expans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio. Para se ter uma ideia, a dist\u00e2ncia entre Cuiab\u00e1, capital do Mato Grosso, estado importante para o agroneg\u00f3cio brasileiro, e o principal porto do pa\u00eds, o Porto de Santos, \u00e9 de mais de 1,600 km. Uma viagem de caminh\u00e3o entre as duas cidades pode demorar mais de 20 horas. Essa demora expressiva se d\u00e1 principalmente pelas condi\u00e7\u00f5es das rodovias, muitas vezes problem\u00e1ticas, com curvas constantes e tr\u00e1fego congestionado. Uma mesma viagem em uma ferrovia diminui o tempo levado, pois n\u00e3o haveria tr\u00e2nsito na via e o percurso seria mais uniforme. Outra compara\u00e7\u00e3o importante realizada pelo Instituto \u00e9 em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 capacidade de transporte dos dois modais. Um trem, com 134 vag\u00f5es, tem a mesma capacidade de transporte de 500 carretas de min\u00e9rios. Ou seja, naturalmente os custos com manuten\u00e7\u00f5es, fretes e combust\u00edvel […]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2833,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2824","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-logistica"],"yoast_head":"\nExpans\u00e3o do agroneg\u00f3cio e a ferrovia - MASSA Pesagem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"O Agroneg\u00f3cio \u00e9 um dos setores que mais gera dinheiro pro Brasi. 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