{"id":2507,"date":"2020-08-13T08:59:33","date_gmt":"2020-08-13T11:59:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/?p=2507"},"modified":"2023-01-13T09:00:44","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T12:00:44","slug":"patologias-e-problemas-nas-ferrovias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/patologias-e-problemas-nas-ferrovias\/","title":{"rendered":"What are the Pathologies and Problems on the railroads?"},"content":{"rendered":"

If you make a quick query on the internet, you will find the definition of \"pathology\" as: \"deviation from what is proper or appropriate, or from what is considered to be the normal state of an inanimate or immaterial thing\". In the medical sector, pathology is defined as \u201cany anatomical and \/ or physiological deviation, in relation to normality, which constitutes a disease or that characterizes it\u201d. The railroad sector is also totally susceptible to suffering from pathologies and problems in the railroads.
This is mainly due to the high tension and the friction of the train wheels, which carry out intense and constant movements on the railroad tracks. railroad pathology refers essentially to the problems and wear and tear that the tracks of a railroad undergo over time due to incessant movements. You can understand a little more about the types of wear and how they occur by clicking here.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The main pathologies and problems in the railroads are caused by the lack of effective maintenance in the materials of the tracks, which over time wear out, suffering fractures and, sometimes, losing their functionality. In the last century, for a long time the use of railroads was gradually being replaced by the use of the road sector. This exchange implied the lack of investments, the abandonment of several railroad networks and, consequently, the complete wear and tear of the structures that make up the railroad line.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In recent years, however, railroad auctions have started to take place more frequently, many railroad lines have been concessioned and are already receiving investments in their infrastructure and expansion in their mileage. Good organization, maintenance and general care of the line are essential to guarantee the full functioning of the railroad network, allowing trains to run without problems in their structure. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

These are small details that make up the range of pathologies and problems on the railroads, but that are enough that the process of moving trains is totally hampered. Next, we will point out some defects that can occur with the tracks and the compositions of a railroad line. We will also point out how they can be eliminated in order to guarantee the full functioning of rail traffic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pathologies and problems in the railroads<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Alignment<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"What<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The trains, during their journeys, encounter straight and curved parts. For this reason, it is essential that the composition of the railroad line is aligned at its ends and at the point of intersection of the tracks. When the structure misalignment occurs, the trains suffer more difficulties to traverse their path, which implies a series of problems, such as the decrease in speed, loss of time on the route and decrease in the number of loads and circulating trains. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gauge widening <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"Gauge<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

By definition, the gauge is the measure of the distance between the two ends of a track that form a path. The rails are positioned one after the other, forming a straight line, and next to it is a further composition of rails, allowing the train wheels to pass through the rail structure to move.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There are appropriate measures for the size of the gauge, according to the size of the distance of the side wheels of a train. The occurrence of widening of the gauge is one of the pathologies and problems in the railroads that can occur due to a series of factors such as wear on the railroad ties, wear of the rail billet and among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As you can see in the figure below, the length of the gauge causes an anomaly in the extension of the railroad line, which can be totally harmful to the trajectory of the train, which was not built for this new extension of the gauge size. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gauge narrowing  <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\"Gauge<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Just as lengthening the gauge space is harmful, the opposite is also harmful. Calculations are performed to suit the size of the train and any type of change in gauge size is harmful. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

When there is a narrowing of the gauge, which is the decrease in the length of this area, the trains are also not able to travel on these new measures. For this reason, it is essential that companies carry out the necessary procedures and develop maintenance systems in these defective areas, avoiding any type of problems harmful to transport vehicles. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Twist<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

You, the reader, must understand that the construction and installation of the tracks is done due to the performance of countless calculations that aim to build a symmetrical and leveled railroad line. Small components that are out of place or that cause the track to be uneven are enough for the route to become dangerous for trains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On many railroads, the rails go through a welding process, so that they form a unique and extensive material, facilitating the vehicle's locomotion and reducing some risks along the way. But, when an anomaly occurs in this structure and one of the parts becomes uneven, there is the so-called process of twisting the rail, in which a part of the material is higher in relation to a subsequent point. These pathologies and problems in the railroads can be the causes of trains falling and derailing, which are the moment when the wagons move from one another and get lost from the rest of the train composition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Levels<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Twists are a specific type of change in leveling that slopes upward. However, there are other pathologies and problems in the railroads that are affected by changes in the appropriate level of the position of a railroad track.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This unevenness can be, for example, longitudinal, where the structure hangs downwards, causing a \u201chole\u201d effect. This is another important anomaly that must be dealt with properly so that it does not disturb the correct functioning of the train. This unevenness can also cause problems such as thrombi and the derailment of train cars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Track problems<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Track<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Finally, we need to mention the problems that actually occur in the structures of a rail part. The composition of a railroad track consists of three main parts: boletos (upper), web (connection point) and skids (lower).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The pathologies and problems in the railroads that occur effectively in the structures of the trains are usually visible mainly in the boletos, since they are the parts that have direct contact with the wheels of the trains. Cracks can occur in the most varied ways, which damage the structure and become apparent over the time that the movements of the trains are constant on the tracks. Problems can also occur, such as breaking and separating the skates with boletus, that is, the soul suffers from cracks and fractures, compromising the entire composition. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

We realized throughout the article the variety of pathologies and problems on the railroads that can occur if the necessary care is not taken seriously. The supply and transport carried out by the railroad lines are extremely important for the economy and for the support of several municipalities. Therefore, it is essential that maintenance is carried out frequently and in an appropriate manner, in order to ensure that trains can traverse the length of railroads in a safe manner. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Complementary sources:
https:\/\/journals.openedition.org\/spp\/1568<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.cnt.org.br\/agencia-cnt\/conheca-principais-defeitos-pavimento<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/servicos.unitoledo.br\/repositorio\/bitstream\/7574\/2179\/1\/–PATOLOGIAS%20%20EM%20PAVIMENTO%20FLEX%C3%8DVEL.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.confea.org.br\/sites\/default\/files\/antigos\/contecc2018\/civil\/147_ldmpinpmfnmdc.pdf<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Se voc\u00ea fizer uma r\u00e1pida consulta na internet, encontra a defini\u00e7\u00e3o de \u201cpatologia\u201d como: \u201cdesvio em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao que \u00e9 pr\u00f3prio ou adequado, ou em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao que \u00e9 considerado como o estado normal de uma coisa inanimada ou imaterial\u201d. No setor medicinal, patologia \u00e9 definido como \u201cqualquer desvio anat\u00f4mico e\/ou fisiol\u00f3gico, em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 normalidade, que constitua uma doen\u00e7a ou que a caracterize\u201d.O setor ferrovi\u00e1rio tamb\u00e9m est\u00e1 totalmente suscet\u00edvel a sofrer com patologias e problemas nas ferrovias. Isso se d\u00e1, principalmente, pela alta tens\u00e3o e pelo atrito das rodas do trem, que realizam movimenta\u00e7\u00f5es intensas e constantes nos trilhos ferrovi\u00e1rios. A patologia ferrovi\u00e1ria se refere essencialmente aos problemas e desgastes que os trilhos de uma ferrovia sofrem ao longo do tempo por conta das movimenta\u00e7\u00f5es incessantes. Voc\u00ea pode entender um pouco mais sobre os tipos de desgastes e como eles ocorrem clicando aqui. As principais patologias e problemas nas ferrovias s\u00e3o causadas pela falta de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o efetiva nos materiais dos trilhos, que ao longo do tempo v\u00e3o se desgastando, sofrendo fraturas e, por vezes, perdendo a sua funcionalidade. No s\u00e9culo passado, durante um bom tempo o uso das ferrovias foi aos poucos sendo substitu\u00eddo pelo uso do setor rodovi\u00e1rio. Essa troca implicou na falta de investimentos, no abandono de diversas malhas ferrovi\u00e1rias e, consequentemente, no completo desgaste das estruturas que comp\u00f5e a linha f\u00e9rrea. Nos \u00faltimos anos, por\u00e9m, os leil\u00f5es ferrovi\u00e1rios passaram a acontecer com maior frequ\u00eancia, muitas linhas ferrovi\u00e1rias foram concessionadas e j\u00e1 est\u00e3o recebendo investimentos em suas infraestruturas e expans\u00e3o em suas quilometragens. Uma boa organiza\u00e7\u00e3o, execu\u00e7\u00e3o de manuten\u00e7\u00f5es e cuidados gerais com a linha s\u00e3o essenciais para garantir o pleno funcionamento da malha ferrovi\u00e1ria, permitindo que os trens possam circular sem que ocorram problemas em sua estrutura.  S\u00e3o pequenos detalhes que comp\u00f5e a gama de patologias e problemas nas ferrovias, mas que s\u00e3o o suficiente para que o processo de movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o dos trens seja totalmente prejudicado. A seguir, apontaremos alguns defeitos que podem ocorrer com os trilhos e as composi\u00e7\u00f5es de uma linha f\u00e9rrea. Apontaremos tamb\u00e9m como eles podem ser  eliminados, a fim de garantir o pleno funcionamento do tr\u00e2nsito ferrovi\u00e1rio. Patologias e Problemas nas ferrovias Alinhamento Os trens, durante seus percursos, encontram partes retil\u00edneas e curvas. Por isso, \u00e9 fundamental que a composi\u00e7\u00e3o da linha f\u00e9rrea esteja alinhada em suas extremidades e no ponto de intersec\u00e7\u00e3o dos trilhos. Quando ocorre o desalinhamento da estrutura, os trens sofrem mais dificuldades para percorrer seu trajeto, o que implica em uma s\u00e9rie de problemas, como a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da velocidade, perda de tempo no percurso e diminui\u00e7\u00e3o da quantidade de cargas e de trens circulantes.  Alargamento de Bitola  Por defini\u00e7\u00e3o, a bitola \u00e9 a medida do distanciamento das duas extremidades de um trilho que formam um percurso. Os trilhos s\u00e3o posicionados um seguido do outro, formando uma reta de trilhagem, e ao lado \u00e9 posicionada mais uma composi\u00e7\u00e3o de trilhos, permitindo que as rodas dos trens passem pela estrutura do trilho para se movimentar. Existem medidas apropriadas para o tamanho da bitola, de acordo com o tamanho da dist\u00e2ncia das rodas laterais de um trem. A ocorr\u00eancia de alargamento da bitola \u00e9 uma das patologias e problemas nas ferrovias que podem ocorrer por uma s\u00e9rie de fatores como desgaste nos dormentes, desgaste do boleto do trilho e entre outros. Como voc\u00ea pode perceber na figura abaixo, o alongamento da bitola causa uma anomalia na extens\u00e3o da linha ferrovi\u00e1ria, podendo ser totalmente prejudicial para a trajet\u00f3ria do trem, que n\u00e3o foi constru\u00eddo para essa nova extens\u00e3o do tamanho da bitola.  Estreitamento da Bitola   Assim como alongar o espa\u00e7o da bitola \u00e9 prejudicial, o contr\u00e1rio tamb\u00e9m o \u00e9. Os c\u00e1lculos s\u00e3o realizados para atender ao tamanho do trem e qualquer tipo de mudan\u00e7a no tamanho da bitola \u00e9 prejudicial.  Quando h\u00e1 o estreitamento da bitola, que \u00e9 a diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do comprimento dessa \u00e1rea, os trens tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o est\u00e3o aptos a percorrer sobre essas novas medidas. Por isso, \u00e9 imprescind\u00edvel que as empresas realizem os procedimentos necess\u00e1rios e desenvolvam sistemas de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o nessas \u00e1reas defeituosas, evitando quaisquer tipos de problemas nocivos aos ve\u00edculos transportadores.  Tor\u00e7\u00e3o \u00c9 preciso que voc\u00ea, leitor, entenda que a constru\u00e7\u00e3o e a instala\u00e7\u00e3o dos trilhos \u00e9 feita por conta da realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de in\u00fameros c\u00e1lculos que visam construir uma linha ferrovi\u00e1ria sim\u00e9trica e nivelada. Pequenos componentes que estejam fora do lugar ou, ent\u00e3o, que fa\u00e7am com que o trilho esteja desnivelado s\u00e3o o suficiente para que o trajeto se torne perigoso para os trens. Em muitas ferrovias os trilhos passam por um processo de soldagem, para que eles formem um material \u00fanico e extenso, facilitando a locomo\u00e7\u00e3o do ve\u00edculo e diminuindo alguns riscos no trajeto. Mas, quando ocorre uma anomalia nessa estrutura e uma das partes fica desnivelada, ocorre o chamado processo de tor\u00e7\u00e3o do trilho, em que uma parte do material fica mais elevada em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a um ponto subsequente. Essas patologias e problemas nas ferrovias podem ser as causas de tombamento e descarrilamento de trens, que s\u00e3o o momento em que os vag\u00f5es se deslocam um do outro e se perdem do restante da composi\u00e7\u00e3o do trem. Nivelamentos As tor\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o um tipo espec\u00edfico de mudan\u00e7a no nivelamento de forma inclinada que pende para cima. Mas, existem outras patologias e problemas nas ferrovias que s\u00e3o acometidas por mudan\u00e7as no n\u00edvel adequado da posi\u00e7\u00e3o de um trilho ferrovi\u00e1rio. Esse desnivelamento pode ser, por exemplo, longitudinal, onde a estrutura pende para baixo, causando um efeito de \u201cburaco\u201d. Essa \u00e9 outra anomalia importante que deve ser tratada de maneira adequada para que n\u00e3o perturbe o correto funcionamento do trem. Esse desn\u00edvel tamb\u00e9m pode causar problemas como trombos e descarrilamento dos vag\u00f5es dos trens. Problemas nos trilhos Por fim, precisamos citar os problemas que ocorrem efetivamente nas estruturas de uma pe\u00e7a de trilho. A composi\u00e7\u00e3o de um trilho ferrovi\u00e1rio \u00e9 formada por tr\u00eas partes principais: boletos (superior), alma (ponto de conex\u00e3o) e patins (inferior). As patologias e problemas nas ferrovias que ocorrem efetivamente nas estruturas dos trens costumam ser vis\u00edveis […]","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2515,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2507","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-setor-ferroviario"],"yoast_head":"\nQuais s\u00e3o as Patologias e Problemas nas ferrovias?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Entenda as Patologias e Problemas nas ferrovias brasileiras e quais s\u00e3o as medidas que podem ser tomadas para evitar os problemas.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/patologias-e-problemas-nas-ferrovias\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Quais s\u00e3o as Patologias e Problemas nas ferrovias?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Entenda as Patologias e Problemas nas ferrovias brasileiras e quais s\u00e3o as medidas que podem ser tomadas para evitar os problemas.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/massa.ind.br\/en\/patologias-e-problemas-nas-ferrovias\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Massa - 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